Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Seasonal Affective Disorder (often called Seasonal Depression) are two distinct, completely different, relatively unrelated mental health conditions.
So, it may surprise many people to find that Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is more common in those with ADHD – and it becomes important for parents, caregivers, and adults with ADHD To be aware of this increased risk as a way to better understand the behaviors and emotions that those with ADHD may experience during these progressively cooling months.
What is SAD?
Seasonal affective disorder, or seasonal depression, is a type of depression that occurs only during a specific season of the year – normally winter – primarily as a result of reduced light exposure. Though SAD can also be triggered by traumas, inactivity, and other issues, it is more commonly linked to the decrease in sunlight that many of us experience when the weather gets colder.
Symptoms are similar to those of traditional depression, such as:
- Persistent low mood and feelings of hopelessness
- Fatigue and lack of energy
- Difficulty concentrating
- Increased sleep duration but with low-quality rest
- Changes in appetite, often craving carbohydrates
- Loss of interest in activities usually enjoyed
But what makes seasonal depression unique is that it starts occurring between October and December, and tends to reduce in early spring.
What is ADHD?
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder. It starts in childhood and continues through the teenage years and typically into adulthood. Children and adults with ADHD did not develop some of the cognitive functions that help with attention, organization, impulsivity, etc., which can lead to challenges in situations built for those that experienced neurotypical development.
How Would ADHD and Seasonal Depression Be Related?
On its surface, there is no clear relationship between SAD and ADHD. One relates more to neurotransmitters in the brain. One relates more to cognitive functions. Yet experts do believe that those with ADHD appear to be at much higher risk for developing seasonal depression than those without ADHD. Although the exact reasons for this are not entirely known, some potential processes may include:
- Dopamine Regulation – Both ADHD and SAD are linked to dopamine dysregulation in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter responsible for reward, motivation, and pleasure. In ADHD, dopamine levels are often lower, and reduced exposure to sunlight during winter months further disrupts dopamine production, making those with ADHD more susceptible to SAD symptoms.
- Circadian Rhythm Disruption – Many people with ADHD have irregular sleep patterns or experience delayed sleep phase syndrome (a tendency to fall asleep and wake up later than usual). The shorter daylight hours of winter can disrupt circadian rhythms even further, leading to sleep difficulties and worsening SAD symptoms.
- Behavioral Challenges – Those with ADHD may find it more challenging to maintain routines and engage in self-care practices during winter, such as regular exercise, healthy eating, or exposure to natural light. Exercise, especially, is very important for children with ADHD, and that becomes harder during winter months. These lifestyle factors can increase vulnerability to SAD.
It’s still unclear if these are the only issues that may be linked ADHD/SAD, but there is a relationship between ADHD and increased risk of seasonal depression, and it’s important to understand that in order to make sure you or your child are getting the support they need.
Next Steps for SAD and ADHD
Both seasonal depression and ADHD respond very well to pharmaceutical treatments. At Aware Behavioral Health, we are able to provide psychiatric care for ADHD and depression, and can provide you with support you need to keep your symptoms under control.
If you’re ready to learn more, please contact Aware Behavioral Health, today.
